This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 28 May – 3 June 2023 and includes updates on COVID-19, West Nile virus, Legionnaires’ disease, avian influenza, Marburg virus disease, cholera, and fungal meningitis.

COVID-19 is a disease under surveillance in the European Union (EU) and must be reported by all Member States.

Well-designed, representative sentinel surveillance systems in primary and secondary care remain the core surveillance method for acute viral respiratory infections.